Allah is the One Who Grants Children
Shaykh Ibn Nasir As-Sa’di (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
"To Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. He creates whatever He wills. He grants female children to whomever He wills, and He grants male children to whomever He wills. Or He bestows both males and females (to whomever He wills), and He makes whomever He wills barren. Indeed, He is All-Knowing and All-Powerful." (Surah Ash-Shura: 49-50)
This verse informs us about the vastness of Allah’s dominion and His absolute control over His creation according to His will, as well as His management of all affairs. His general decree extends even to creation that comes about through causes undertaken by human beings.
Marriage is one of the means to have children, but it is Allah who grants children according to His will.
Among His creation, there are those who are blessed with only daughters, those who are given only sons, those who are granted both sons and daughters, and those whom He makes barren, so they have no offspring.
"Indeed, He is All-Knowing" of everything and "All-Powerful" over all things. He manages all affairs with His knowledge and wisdom, as well as with His power over His creation.
📚 Tafsir As-Sa'di: 762
Ibn Kathir (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
"To Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. He creates whatever He wills. He grants female children to whomever He wills, and He grants male children to whomever He wills. Or He bestows both males and females (to whomever He wills), and He makes whomever He wills barren. Indeed, He is All-Knowing and All-Powerful." (Surah Ash-Shura: 49-50)
Allah informs us that He is the Creator of the heavens and the earth, the Owner and Controller of both. Whatever He wills happens, and whatever He does not will does not happen. He gives to whomever He wills and withholds from whomever He wills. No one can prevent what He gives, and no one can give what He withholds. He creates as He wills.
"He grants female children to whomever He wills," meaning: He grants only daughters. Al-Baghawi said: Among them was Prophet Lut (peace be upon him).
"And grants male children to whomever He wills," meaning: He grants only sons. Al-Baghawi said: Like Prophet Ibrahim Al-Khalil (peace be upon him), who was not given any daughters.
"Or He bestows both males and females," meaning: He grants both sons and daughters to whomever He wills. Al-Baghawi said: Like Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him).
"And He makes whomever He wills barren," meaning: They have no children. Al-Baghawi said: Like Prophet Yahya and Prophet Isa (peace be upon them).
Thus, Allah divides people into four categories:
1. Those who are given only daughters,
2. Those who are given only sons,
3. Those who are given both sons and daughters,
4. Those who are given neither and are made barren.
"Indeed, He is All-Knowing" of who deserves each category, and "All-Powerful" over whomever He wills regarding these differences among people.
This concept is similar to Allah’s statement about Prophet Isa:
"And so that We may make him a sign for the people." (Surah Maryam: 21)
Meaning, as proof of Allah’s power, where He created human beings in four different ways:
1. Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) was created from dust, without a father or mother.
2. Hawwa (Eve, peace be upon her) was created from a man (Adam) without a woman.
3. All other humans, except Prophet Isa (peace be upon him), were created from both a man and a woman.
4. Prophet Isa (peace be upon him) was created from a woman without a man.
Thus, the proof of Allah’s power is completed through the creation of Isa, the son of Maryam (peace be upon them). That is why Allah said:
"And so that We may make him a sign for the people."
This discussion pertains to parents (the origins of human creation), while the previous discussion was about children (offspring). Both are divided into four categories. Glory be to Allah, the All-Knowing, the All-Powerful.
📚 Tafsir Ibn Kathir 7/216
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